Jesper Juul: “The Game of Video Game Objects: A Minimal Theory of When We See Pixels as Objects Rather than Pictures.” In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 376–81. CHI PLAY ’21. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3450337.3483449. https://www.jesperjuul.net/text/gameofobjects/

This is the playable part of the essay, which I recommend reading after playing.